Resistivity
Since Resistivity can be around 10 ohms – and
upwards to nearly 100 ohms – per cubic meter near
the surface of the Earth, it can be inferred from this that
Barbosa and Leal does not seek to magnify capacitance in their
circuit as a singular factor. In other words, the Earth doesn't
represent a huge capacitor to the energy traveling around inside of
B&L's circuit. The Earth is more likely a weak resistor. But this
allows for this circuit's characteristic emphasis to lie elsewhere
among some other factor of electrodynamics. This terrestrial
resistance acts as a weak load which is ever present. Such mild loads
are usually held as safety checks to disallow the circuit from frying
itself should no load be engaged when the circuit is first turned ON.
Electrostatic Depth
The ground rods are kept closely spaced. One meter
separates their radius. This implies that only
the length of each ground rod is the depth of DC Electrostatic
Resistivity to which B&L's circuit will encounter – no more
than this (as further noted, below). So, a volume of soil bounded by
a depth of eight feet – and whose width and length is no more width
and length than the same as is covered by the orderly arrangement of
all of the ground rods spaced next to one another – is the volume
of Resistivity to which B&L's circuit encounters.
Electromagnetic Depth
On the other hand, the depth to which any
electromagnetic wave (emanating from out of B&L's ground rods)
can penetrate the Earth is determined by
a lack of Resistivity
within the soil surrounding the ground rods. Since this circuit
depends upon geoelectromagnetics to magnify its output beyond that of
its input, soil conductivity is to be avoided – as Clarence has
already discovered during rains.
Depth of
Electromagnetic penetration is also enhanced by the low frequency of
consumers' use of municipal power (ranging from 50 to 60 cycles per
second as indicated by Clarence's replication of Barbosa and Leal's
AC version of their circuit). This conclusion is derived from the
Magnetotelluric Field Method of geologic surveying...
“...
depth
penetration increases with a decrease in frequency
...”
–
Section 2.1.3 of My
AIMS Essay.
Induced Polarization
“The
operational procedure of the Induced Polarization (IP) method is
similar to the resistivity method, as it also employs the same
electrode configurations. However, the most effective ones are the
double dipole and Schlumberger electrode configurations. The
measurements are fraught with certain errors or anomalies (noise)
which may be due to telluric currents, and electromagnetic coupling
between measuring equipments like the wires, where current
can be induced on another wire as a result of the shorter distance of
separation between the two wires
(Ampere’s law).
[proximity
of grounding rods]
Induced
polarization may be time-domain, where controlled current signals are
introduced into the ground through the two current electrodes, and
the overvoltage between the signals is measured across the two
potential electrodes. It could also be frequency domain, where the
alternating current fed into the ground depends on frequency. It
makes use of the principle that, when
an alternating current is passed into the ground, the apparent
resistivity of rocks in which polarisation can be induced is higher
with low-frequency current than with higher-frequency current. This
is because the capacitance of the ground inhibits the passage of
direct currents but transmits alternating currents with increasing
efficiency as the frequency rises
[KB84].”
–
Section 2.2.3 of My
AIMS Essay.
3.8 Pulse-transient electromagnetic systems
“These may also be
referred to as the time-domain EM systems. The systems work by
generating an electromagnetic field which induces a series of
currents in the Earth at increasing depths over time. These currents
create a magnetic field which is measured by the receiver in order
to deduce subsurface properties and features at great depth. In other
cases, it is the decaying
voltage observed while the current is turned off, that is measured
and recorded as a function of time. The magnitude and rate of decay
of the eddy currents depend on the conductivity of the medium and on
the geometry of the conductive layers. Currents will decay very
rapidly in media with high resistivity. A conductive layer at a depth
may “trap” currents in that layer, while currents elsewhere decay
more rapidly.” –
Section 3.8 of My
AIMS Essay.
Field Antenna
I propose that B&L casts a net to “catch”
the same fish as its net is composed of, namely that of:
electromagnetics. And whatever it manages to collect is from no
greater a depth than the length of each ground rod.
Orientation of Ground Rods
And the electromagnetism which these ground rods
collect travels horizontally along the underside of the surface of
the Earth tangential to the Earth's center of mass. This would evoke
hints that this energy's origin is both manmade and put there by
lightning strikes – not emanating outwardly towards the sky from
the Earth's center. That would be a different energy source from the
Earth's mass, itself.
Galvanic Response
It can't be ignored that the copper plating on each
ground rod, overlaying its inner steel, creates a mild battery of
electric charge despite the seeming mildness of this contribution
towards the overall charge imparted to the soil by B&L's circuit.
Terrestrial Response
Nor can it be ignored that the Earth responds like a
living breathing organism toward any electromagnetic influence –
imparted to it from above – by its inhabitants.
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